The University of Manitoba campuses are located on original lands of Anishinaabeg, Cree, Ojibwe-Cree, Dakota, and Dene peoples, and on the National Homeland of the Red River Métis. More
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Recommendations for clinical care. Usually informed by a knowledge synthesis (systematic review) and clinical expertise.
Systematic Review: Synthesis of evidence (i.e. articles) on a defined topic/question. The group of researchers will evaluate and analyze the evidence to inform clinical practice.
Meta-Analysis: Usually follows a systematic review. Combines the data from multiple (similar) studies to address SR topic/question.
Randomized Controlled Trials: Assesses a specific intervention by comparing two similar groups, with one receiving the intervention and the other not (usually called a placebo). By doing this, researchers can assess the differences attributed to the intervention.
Cohort Studies: Observational studies regarding the association between a specific exposure or risk factor and the development of a clinical condition.
Case Control Studies: Observational studies regarding associations between a specific clinical condition and possible risk factors.
Cross-Sectional Studies: Observational studies that gather information at one point and time on the prevalence of health outcome(s), or exposure(s), or both. While absent from the CEBM Evidence Pyramid, they are usually considered to be at the same level as case control studies.
Case Reports: Report of a single patient, or treatment of several patients. There is no research design for case reports. They can be beneficial in identifying new health conditions.
Qualitative Research: Research that focuses on patient perspectives. Data can be in the form of art, recorded interviews, diaries, etc. Qualitative research compliments quantitative research by asking "why" or "how" questions and finding in-depth answers. While absent from the CEBM Evidence Pyramid, qualitative research is usually considered to be at the same level as case control studies.
Narrative/Literature Reviews: Overview of previous studies on a specific topic. Not as rigorous as a knowledge synthesis (i.e. systematic review) and there is no research design.
Editorials: Opinion piece in an academic journal that is not peer reviewed. No research design in an editorial.
©2016 Forrest & Miller, EBDM in Action: Developing Competence in EB Practice