Traditional

Binnington M, et al. Balancing the benefits and costs of traditional food substitution by indigenous Arctic women of childbearing age: Impacts on persistent organic pollutant, mercury, and nutrient intakes. Environ Int. 2016;94.

Gagné D, et al. Traditional food consumption is associated with higher nutrient intakes in Inuit children attending childcare centres in Nunavik. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2012; 71(10). 

Goettke E, et al. "It's all interconnected...like a spider web": a qualitative study of the meanings of food and healthy eating in an Indigenous community. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2019; 78(1):1648969.

Hermann T, et al. Tackling the question of micronutrients intake as one of the main levers in terms of Inuit food security. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2020. 23(1):59-63.

Hu X, et al. High selenium exposure lowers the odds ratios for hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction associated with mercury exposure among Inuit in Canada. Environ Int. 2017; 102(May): 200-6.

Hu X, et al. Inuit country food diet pattern is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018; 8(7):1237-48.

Laird B, et al. Dietary advice on Inuit traditional food use needs to balance benefits and risks of mercury, selenium, and n3 fatty acids. The Journal of Nutrition. 2013; 143(6): 923-30.

Labonté M, et al. Traditional dietary pattern is associated with elevated cholesterol among the Inuit of Nunavik. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2014; 114(8): 1208-15.

Lemire M, et al. Local country food sources of methylmercury, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids in Nunavik, Northern Quebec. Science of the Total Environment. 2015; 509-510(March): 248-59. 

Martinez-Levasseur L, et al. Towards a better understanding of the benefits and risks of country food consumption using the case of walruses in Nunavik (Northern Quebec, Canada). Sci Total Environ. 2020.

Mullie P, et al. East-Greenland traditional nutrition: a reanalysis of the Høygaard et al. nutritional data (1936-1937). Br J Nutr. 2023;129(5):813-819.

Ratelle M, et al. Food frequency questionnaire assessing traditional food consumption in Dene/Metis communities, Northwest Territories, Canada. 2020.

Senftleber N, et al. Traditional diet influences erythrocyte fatty acids differentially across genetic variants of fatty acid metabolism: the Greenlandic Inuit health in transition cohort (FS11-02-19). Curr Dev Nutr. 2019; 3(Suppl 1).

Sheehy T, et al. Traditional food consumption is associated with better diet quality and adequacy among Inuit adults in Nunavut, Canada. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015; 66(4): 445-51.

Systematic Reviews

Akande V. et al. Determinants of dietary behavior and physical activity among Canadian Inuit: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015);12: 84.

Beveridge L, et al. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Incorporating Individual Patient Data. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; 175(5): 745-54.

Dahl I, Dalgard C. Sami dietary habits and the risk of cardiometabolic disease: A systematic review. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2021;80(1):1873621.

Kolahdooz F, et al. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Aboriginal Populations in Canada: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017; 57(7): 1316-27.

Little M, et al. Drivers and health implications of the dietary transition among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic: A scoping review. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(9):2650-2668.

Pregnancy

Adamou T, et al. Blood mercury and plasma polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations in pregnant Inuit women from Nunavik: Temporal trends, 1992-2017. Sci Total Environ. 2020;743:140495.

Bains A, et al. Healthy foods north improves diet among Inuit and Inuvialuit women of childbearing age in Arctic Canada. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2014; 27(Suppl 2): 175-85.

Bank-Nielsen P, et al. Pregnant Inuit women's exposure to metals and association with fetal growth outcomes: ACCEPT 2010-2015. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(7):1171.

Binnington M, et al. Balancing the benefits and costs of traditional food substitution by indigenous Arctic women of childbearing age: Impacts on persistent organic pollutant, mercury, and nutrient intakes. Environ Int. 2016; 94(Sept): 554-66.

Burtseva T, et al. Dietary intakes of energy and macronutrients by lactating women of different ethnic groups living in Yakutia. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2013; 72: 10.

Caughey A, et al. Inuit country food and health during pregnancy and early childhood in the Circumpolar North: A scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2625.

Curren M, et al. Assessing determinants of maternal blood concentrations for persistent organic pollutants and metals in the eastern and western Canadian Arctic. Science of the Total Environment. 2015; 527-528(Sept): 150-8.

Kolahdooz F, et al. Dietary adequacy of vitamin D and calcium among Inuit and Inuvialuit women of child-bearing age in Arctic Canada. PLoS One. 2013; 8(11): e78987.

Pontual M, et al. Seasonal variations in exposure to methylmercury and its dietary sources among pregnant Inuit women in Nunavik, Canada. Sci Total Environ. 2021;755(Pt 2).

Teh L, et al. Psychometric validation of the household food insecurity access scale among Inuit pregnant women from Northern Quebec. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e01787008.

Schaefer S, et al. Sources of food affect dietary adequacy of Inuit women of childbearing age in Arctic Canada. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011;29(5):454-464..

Circumpolar Obesity

Akande V, et al. Exploring Nunavut Public Health System's readiness to implement obesity prevention policies and programs in the Canadian Arctic. Biomed Res Int. 2019; May: 1584956.

Chen Y, et al. The combined effects of FADS gene variation and dietary fats in obesity-related traits in a population from the far north of Sween: the GLACIER Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2019; 43(4): 808-20.

Galloway T, et al. Obesity studies in the circumpolar Inuit: a scoping review. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2012; 71.

Hayek J, et al. Higher body mass, older age and higher monounsaturated fatty acids intake reflect better quantitative ultrasound parameters in Inuit preschoolers. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2012; 71.

Hopkins S, et al. Culturally adapting an evidence-based intervention to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle for Yup'ik Alaska native communities. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2023;82(1).

Pakseresht M, et al. Food expenditure patterns in the Canadian Arctic show cause for concern for obesity and chronic disease. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014; 11: 51.

Zienczuk N, et al. Dietary correlates of an at-risk BMI among Inuit adults in the Canadian high arctic: cross-sectional international polar year Inuit health survey, 2007-2008. Nutr J. 2012; 11:73.

General

Adams E. Can scientists and knowledge keepers sit comfortably together? An Indigenous physician's reflections on a decade of participatory research into First Nations nutrition, environment and health. Can J Public Health. 2021;112(Suppl 1):3-7.

Aker A, et al. Associations between dietary profiles and perfluoroalkyl acids in Inuit youth and adults. Sci Total Environ. 2023;857(pt 3).

Aker A, et al. Sociodemographic patterning of dietary profiles among Inuit youth and adults in Nunavik, Canada: a cross-sectional study. Can J Public Health. 2022.

Caughey A, et al. Niqivut Silalu Asijjipalliajuq: Building a Community-Led Food Sovereignty and Climate Change Research Program in Nunavut, Canada. Nutrients. 2022;14(8):1572.

DiNicolantonio J, et al. The introduction of refined carbohydrates in the Alaskan inland Inuit diet may have led to an increase in dental caries, hypertension adn atherosclerosis. Open Heart. 2018; 5(2):e000776.

Fares J, et al. Implications of the nutrition transition for vitamin D intake and status in Aboriginal groups in the Canadian Arctic. Nutr Review. 2016; 74(9): 571-83.

Gagné D, et al. Consumption of tomato products is associated with lower blood mercury levels in Inuit preschool children. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;52(Jan):404-10.

Gagné D, et al. Impact of a childcare centre nutrition program on nutrient intakes in Nunavik Inuit children. Canadian Journal of Dietetic. 2013;74(1): e311-7.

Girard C, et al. Gut Microbiome of the Canadian Arctic Inuit. mSphere. 2017; 2(1):e00297-16.

Gyapay J, et al. Informing the Co-Development of Culture-Centered Dietary Messaging in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Northwest Territories. Nutrients. 2022;14(9).

Jamieson J, et al. Higher n3-fatty acid status is associated with lower risk of iron depletion among food insecure Canadian Inuit women. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:289.

Kolahdooz F, et al. Impact of the Healthy Foods North nutrition intervention program on Inuit and Inuvialuit food consumption and preparation methods in Canadian Arctic communities. Nutr J. 2014;13:68.

Lavoie A, et al. Determinants of iron deficiency and anemia among Nunavimmiut: results from the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Health Survey. Can J PUblic Health. 2023.

Mead E, er al. A community-based, environmental chronic disease prevention intervention to improve healthy eating psychosocial factors and behaviors in indigenous populations in the Canadian Arctic. health Educ Behav. 2013;40(5):592-602.

Pakseresht M, et al. Improving vitamin A and D intake among Inuit and Inuvialuit in Arctic Canada: evidence from the Healthy Foods North study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015; 69(5): 453-9.

Rudkowska I, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids, polymorphisms and lipid related cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Inuit population. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2013; 10: 26.

Sharma S, et al. Nutrient intakes, major food sources and dietary inadequacies of Inuit adults living in three remote communities in Nunavut, Canada. 2013; 26(6): 578-86.

Sefidbakht S, et al. High protein and cholesterol intakes associated with emergence of glucose intolerance in a low-risk Canadian Inuit population. Public Health Nutr. 2016:19(10):1804-11.

Sheehy T, et al. Changing dietary patterns in the Canadian Arctic: frequency of consumption of foods and beverages by inuit in three Nunavut communities. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2014;35(2):244-52.

Sheehy T, et al. Eating habits of a population undergoing a rapid dietary transition: portion sizes of traditional and nontraditional foods and beverages consumed by Inuit adults in Nunavut, Canada. Nutr J. 2013; 12(Jun):70.

Schaebel L, et al. The influence of persistent organic pollutants in the traditional Inuit diet on markers of inflammation. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177781.

Turgeon O'Brien H, et al. Prevalence and determinants of insufficient vitamin D status in young Canadian Inuit children from Nunavik. Nutr Health. 2024.

Willows N, et al. Modelling optimal diets for quality and cost: examples from Inuit and First Nations communities in Canada. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019;; 44(7): 696-703.

Food Insecurity

Bradette-Laplante M, et al. Food insecurity and psychological distress in Inuit adolescents ot Nunavik. Public Health Nutr. 2020; May 27:1-11.

Brockington M, et al. Identifying barriers and pathways linking fish and seafood to food security in Inuit Nunangat: A scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2629.

Collings P et al. Country food sharing networks, household structure, and implications for understanding food insecurity in Arctic Canada. Ecol Food Nutr. 2016; 55(1):30-49.

Ford J, et al. Food insecurity in Nunavut: Are we going from bad to worse? CMAJ. 2019; 191(20):E550-E551.

Guo Y, et al. Seasonal prevalence and determinants of food insecurity in Iqaluit, Nunavut. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2015;74(Aug):27284.

Herrmann T, et al. Tackling the question of micronutrients intake as one of the main levers in terms of Inuit food security. Curr opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2020; 23(1):59-63.

Hillemann F, et al. Socio-economic predictors of Inuit hunting choices and their implications for climate change adaptation. Philos Trans R Soc Land B Biol Sci. 2023;378(1889).

Huet C, et al. Food insecurity and food consumption by season in households with children in an Arctic city: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2017; 17(1):578.

Naylor A, et al. Inuit-defined determinants of food security in academic research focusing on Inuit Nunangat and Alaska: A scoping review protocol. Nutr Health. 2023;29(2):175-183.

Rosol R, et al. Impacts of decline harvest of country food on nutrient intake among Inuit in Arctic Canada: impact of climate change and possible adaptation plan. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2016; 75(Jul):31127.

Shafiee M, et al. Food security status of Indigenous Peoples in Canada according to the 4 pillar of food security: A scoping review. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(6)2537-2558.

St-Germain A, et al. Food insecurity in Nunavut following the introduction of Nutrition North Canada. CMAJ. 2019; 191(20): E552-E448.

Walch A, et al. A scoping review of traditional food security in Alaska. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2018; 77(1): 1419678.

Mercury

Adamou T, et al. Blood mercury and plasma polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations in pregnant Inuit women from Nunavik: Temporal trends, 1992-2017. Sci Total Environ. 2020;743.

Barst B, et al. Toxicological risk of mercury for fish and invertebrate prey in the Arctic. Sci Total Environ. 2022;836:155702.

Basu N, et al. The impact of mercury contamination on human health in the Arctic: A state of the science review. Sci Total Environ. 2022;831:154793.

Chan H, et al. Levels of metals and persistent organic pollutants in traditional foods consumed by First Nations living on-reserve in Canada. Can J Public Health. 2021;112(Suppl 1):81-96.

Cordier S, et al. Association between exposure to persistent organic pollutants and mercury, and glucose metabolism in two Canadian Indigenous populations. Environ Res. 2020;184(May):109345.

Dietz R, et al. Special issue on the AMAP 2021 assessment of mercury in the Arctic. Sci Total Environ. 2022;843:157020.

Eccles K, et al. Non-invasive biomonitoring of polar bear feces can be used to estimate concentrations of metals of concern in traditional food. PLoS One. 2024;19(6).

Houde M, et al. Contributions and perspectives of Indigenous Peoples to the study of mercury in the Arctic. Sci Total Environ. 2022;841.

Hu X, et al. Mercury diminishes the cardiovascular protective effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the modern diet of Inuit in Canada. Environ Res. 2017; 152(Jan):470-477.

Jonsson S, et al. Arctic methylmercury cycling. Sci Total Environ. 2022;850.

Koch I, et al. Correlation of mercury occurrence with age, elemental composition, and life history in sea-run food fish from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago's Lower Northwest Passage. Foods. 2021;10(11):2621.

MacSween K, et al. Updated trends for atmospheric mercury in the Arctic: 1995-2018. Sci Total Evniron. 2022;837.

Migneron-Foisy V, et al. Impact of chronic exposure to legacy environmental contaminants on the corpus callosum microstructure: A diffusion MRI study of Inuit adolescents. Neurotoxicology. 2022;92:200-211.

Parajuli R, et al. Variation in biomarker levels of metals, persistent organic pollutants, and omega-3 fatty acids in association with genetic polymorphisms among Inuit in Nunavik, Canada. Environ Res. 2021;200.

Pontual M, et al. Seasonal variations in exposure to methylmercury and its dietary sources among pregnant Inuit women in Nunavik, Canada. Sci Total Environ;755(pt.2).

Tikhonov C, et al Regionally representative hair mercury levels in Canadian First Nations adults living on reserves. Can J Public Health. 2021;112(Suppl 1):97-112.

Walker et al. Patterns of fish and whale consumption in relation to methylmercury in hair among residents of Western Canadian Arctic communities. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):1073.

Patient Resources

Government of Nunavut. Inuit Traditional Foods: Nutrition Fact Sheet Series.

Health Canada. Canadian Nutrient File. (Search by Food)

Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. Nuluaq: Nutrition North Canada Program.

Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services. Healthy Eating.

Nunavut Department of Health. Healthy Living. (French, Inuktitut)

Nunavut Department of Health. Nunavut Food Guide (French, Inuktitut)

Nunavut Department of Health. Recipes - Healthy Living.