The University of Manitoba campuses are located on original lands of Anishinaabeg, Cree, Ojibwe-Cree, Dakota, and Dene peoples, and on the National Homeland of the Red River Métis. More
Elders
Websites
Interviewing Inuit Elders Series
Nakasuk S, et al. Interviewing Inuit Elders: Volume One Introduction. Iqaluit: Nunavut Arctic College; 1999.
Aupilaarjuk M, et al. Interviewing Inuit Elders: Volume Two Perspectives on Traditional Law. Iqaluit: Nunavut Arctic College; 1999.
Ekho N, et al. Interviewing Inuit Elders: Volume Three Childrearing Practices. Iqaluit: Nunavut Arctic College; 2000.
Aupilaarjuk M, et al. Interviewing Inuit Elders: Volume Four Cosmology and Shamanism. Iqaluit: Nunavut Arctic College; 2001.
Ootoova I, et al. Interviewing Inuit Elders: Volume Five Perspectives on Traditional Health. Iqaluit: Nunavut Arctic College; 2001.
Guidelines for Working with Elders
NAHO. Interviewing Elders: Guidelines from the National Aboriginal Health Organization. Ottawa: NAHO; 2005.
Articles
Groarke P. Legal Volumes from Arctic College's Interviewing Inuit Elders Series. Osgoode Hall Law Journal. 2009; 47(4):787-805.
Lyons N. The Wisdom of elders: Inuvialuit social memories of continuity and change in the twentieth century. Arctic Anthropology. 2010; 47(1): 22-38. (please request).
McGregor H. Curriculum change in Nunavut: Towards Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit. McGill Journal of Education. 2012; 47(3):285-302.
Steiegelbauer SE. What is an Elder? What do Elders do? First Nation Elders as teachers in culture-based urban organization. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies. 1996; 16(1);37-66.
Waddell C. Decolonizing approaches to Inuit community wellness: conversations with elders in a Nunavut community. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health. 2017; 36(1): 1-13.
Weatherhead E, et al. Changes in weather persistence: Insight from Inuit knowledge. Global Environment Change. 2010; 20(3): 523-528. (please request).
Books
For more information on these titles click on the links below. For access to the full-text please contact us.
Cuerrier, A., et al. (2016). “Tuktut tipingit ajjigijunniiqtangit manna” : Inuit innait qaujisimajangit silaup asijjirningani / The caribou taste different now" : Inuit elders observe climate change. Nunavut Arctic College Media.
Ekho N, et al. Childrearing practices Naqi Ekho and Uqsuralik Ottokie. Iquluit Nunavut Arctic College; 2000.
Hallendy N. Tukiliit : The stone people who live in the wind : An introduction to inuksuit and other stone figures of the North. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre; 2009.
Hammond M. Our ancestors never smoked... : Elders' reflections about how tobacco has affected Inuit communities. Ottawa: Pauktuuitit Inuit Women of Canada; 2006.
Karetak J, et al. Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit : What Inuit have always known to be true. Winnipeg: Fernwood Publishing; 2017.
Korhonen M, et al. Resilience : Overcoming challenges and moving on positively. Ottawa: Ajunnginiq Centre, National Aboriginal Health Organization; 2007.
Laugrand F, et al. Hardships of the past : Recollections of Arviat elders. Iqaluit: Nunavut Arctic College; 2010.
Laugrand F, et al. Perspectives on traditional health Ilisapi Ootoova. Iqaluit: Nunavut College; 2001.
Mannik H. Inuit Nunamiut Inland Inuit. Altona, MB: Friesen Corp; 1998.
MacDonald J. The Arctic sky : Inuit astronomy, star lore, and legend. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum/Nunavut Research Institute; 1998.
Nickles S, et al. Unikkaaqatigiit : Putting the human face on climate change : Perspectives from Inuit in Canada. Ottawa: Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami; 2006.
O'Brien B, et al. Birth on the land : Memories of Inuit elders and traditional midwives. Arctic Bay: Nunavut Arctic College; 2012.
Stern P, et al. Critical Inuit Studies : An Anthology of Contemporary Arctic Ethnography. Lincoln: UNP-Nebraska; 2006.
Videos
Mauro I. Inuit Knowledge and Climate Change. Isuma TV. 2009. (Inuktitut with English subtitles)
Health Indicators
Reports
Anderson T, et al. Assessing the social determinants of self-reported Inuit health in Inuit Nunangat. Statistics Canada; 2016.
Arriagada P. Food insecurity among Inuit living in Inuit Nunangat. Statistics Canada; 2017.
Gionet L, et al. Select health indicators of First Nations people living off reserve, Metis and Inuit. Statistics Canada. 2013.
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. Social Determinants of Inuit Health in Canada. 2014.
Guevremont A, et al. Inuit children's health: a report using the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (Children and youth component). Statistics Canada; 2007.
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. Health Indicators of Inuit Nunangat within the Canadian Context. 2010.
Peters P. An age- and cause-decomposition of differences in life expectancy between residents of Inuit Nunangat and residents of the rest of Canada, 1989 to 2008. Statistics Canada; 2013.
Public Health Agency of Canada. First Nations and Inuit Health and Wellness Indicators. 2018.
Statistics Canada. First Nations People, Metis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and growing populations. Statistics Canada; 2018.
Statistics Canada. Vital Statistics in Inuit Nunangat, 1994-1998 to 2009-2013. Statistics Canada; 2018.
Thomas A. The social determinants of higher mental distress among Inuit. Statistics Canada; 2015.
Wallace S. Inuit health: selected findings from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. Statistics Canada; 2014.
Articles
Baron M, et al. The social determinants of healthy ageing in the Canadian Arctic. Int J Circumpolar Health.2019; 78(1).
Bethune R, et al. Social determinants of self-reported health for Canada's Indigenous peoples: a public health approach. Public Health. 2018. (please request)
Durkalec A, et al. Climate change influences on environment as a determinant of Indigenous health: Relationships to place, sea ice, and health in an Inuit community. Social Science and Medicine. 2015;136-137(July):17-26.
Fraser, S. et al. Communities being well for family well-being: exploring the socio-ecological determinants of well-being in an Inuit community of Northern Quebec. Transcultural Psychiatr. 2018;55(1):120-146. (please request)
Gray A, et al. Individual and community-level determinants of Inuit youth mental wellness. Can J Public Health. 2016;107(3):251-7. (please request)
Healey G. Tradition and culture: An important determinant of Inuit women's health. Journal of Aboriginal Health. 2008; 4(1):25-33.
Nelson C. et al. Mental health indicators among pregnant Aboriginal women in Canada: results from the Maternity Experiences Survey. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada. 2018; 38(7/8).
Newell S, et al. Cultural continuity and Inuit health in Arctic Canada. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2020; 74(1):64-70.
Pike I, et al. Developing injury indicators for First Nations and Inuit children and youth in Canada: a modified Delphi approach. CDIC. 2014; 34(4):203-209.
Smylie J, et al. Our health counts: population-based measures of urban Inuit health determinants, health status, and health care access. Can J Public Health. 2018; 109(5-6):662-670.
Young K, et al. Comparing the Health of Circumpolar Populations: Patterns, determinants, and systems. in: Evangard B, Nymand L, Paasche O. (eds). The New Arctic. Springer, Cham; 2015.
Books
Greenwood, M. Determinants of Indigenous Peoples' Health: Beyond the Social. Toronto: Canadian Scholars; 2018.
Land Claims
Websites
Government of Canada. Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act. (1993).
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. Nunavut - Final Agreements and Related Implementation Matters. (updated 2021).
Nunavut Tunngavik. Publications:Nunavut Land Claims Agreement.
Reports
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development.Annual Report on the Implementation of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (NLCA) 2006-2008. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development; 2011.
Indian and Northern Affairs of Canada.Agreement Between the Inuit of the Nunavut Settlement Area and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada as amended. Indian and Northern Affairs of Canada; 2010. (Also available in Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, French)
Nunavut Tunngavik.A Plain Language Guide to the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement. Iqaluit: Nunavut Tunngavik; 2004.
PriceWaterHouseCoopers.Second Five Year Review of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement- Final Report. 2006.
Maps
Articles
Bennett M, et al. Articulating the Arctic: contrasting state and Inuit maps of the Canadian north. Polar Record. 2016; 52(6):630-644. (please request)
Bernauer W, et al. The Nunavut Land Claims Agreement and Caribou habitat management. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 2015; 35(1):5-32. (please request)
Dombrowski K, et al. Relocation redux: Labrador Inuit population movments and inequalitites in the Land Claims era. Current Anthropology. 2016; 57(6):785-805. (please request)
Gabel C, et al. The Community Readiness Initiative in Kugluktuk, Nunavut: The challenge of adapting an Indigenous community-based participatory framework to a multi-stakeholder, government-designed project environment. Engaged Scholar Journal. 2016; 2(1):89-108.
Nicol H. From territory to rights: new foundations for conceptualising Indigenous sovereignty. Geopolitics. 2016; 22(4):794-814. (please request)
Ritsema R, et al. "Steering our own ship?" And assessment of self-determination and self-governance for community development in Nunavut. The Northern Review. 2015; 41:157-180.
Samson C. Canada's strategy of dispossession: Aboriginal lank and rights cessions in comprehensive land claims. Canadian Journal of Land and Society. 2016; 31(1):87-110. (please request)
Books
Oceans North Conservation Society, World Wildlife Fund Canada, and Ducks Unlimited Canada. Canada’s Arctic Marine Atlas. Ottawa, Ontario: Oceans North Conservation Society; (2018).
For more information on these titles click on the links below. For access to the full-text please contact us.
Cameron, E. Far off Metal River: Inuit lands, settler stories, and the makings of the contemporary Arctic. Vancouver:UBC Press; 2015.
Grey, M. et al. Voices and images of Nunavimmiut. Montreal:International Polar Institute Press; 2010.
Nutall, M. The Routledge handbook of the polar regions. London: Routledge; 2018.
Shadian, J. The politics of Arctic sovereignty: oil, ice and Inuit governance. New York: Routledge; 2014.
Tidwel, A., Zellen, B. Land, Indigenous peoples and conflict. New York: Routledge; 2016.
Reports
Nunavut Tunngavik. Annual Report on the State of Inuit Culture 2014-2015. Iqualuit: Nunavut Tunngavik; 2016. (Inuktitut)
Magazines
Articles
Aporta C. The trail as home: Inuit and their Pan-Arctic network of routes. Human Ecology. 2009; 37(2): 131-146. (please request)
Heyes S. Protecting the authenticity and integrity of Inuksuit within the Arctic milieu. Etudes Inuit Studies. 2002; 26(2): 133-156.
Piercey M. Traditional Indigenous Knowledge: An ethnographic study of its application in the teaching and learning of traditional Inuit Drum Dance in Arviat, Nunavut. Critical Perspectives in Canadian Music Education. Wilfrid Laurier Press; 2012.
Rathwell K, Armitage D. Art and artistic processes bridge knowledge systems about social-ecological change: An empirical examination with Inuit artists from Nunavut, Canada. Ecology and Society. 2016; 21(2).
Books
Oceans North Conservation Society, World Wildlife Fund Canada, and Ducks Unlimited Canada. Canada’s Arctic Marine Atlas. Ottawa, Ontario: Oceans North Conservation Society; 2018.
For more information on these titles click on the links below. For access to the full-text please contact us.
Gedalof R, Ipellie A. Paper stays put: a collection of Inuit writing. Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers; 1980.
Hallendy N. Inuksuit silent messengers of the Arctic. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre; 2000.
Hallendy N. Tukiliit: the stone people who live in the wind: an introduction to Inuksuit and other stone figures of the North. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre; 2009.
Zizman P, Amogoalik L. Working with Inuit: Selected resources to help you learn about Inuit culture and way of life. National Aboriainal Health Organization; 2010.
Inuktitut
Font Downloads
iNaqittaq - typing in Inuktitut using the Nunavik syllabary
Inuktut Qaliujaaqpait Converter Tool - ITK
Keyboard for iPhone - the Piruvik Centre
Computer Tools - Government of Nunavut
Syllabics Translator for Google Chrome - Pinnguaq (replaces Inuktitut syllabics with Roman orthography on websites visited)
Learn Inuktitut
Tusaalanga - The Piruvik Centre (app for ipad, iphone, ipod)
Inuktitut Transliteration Tool
Apps for Language Learning
Singuistics - Pinnguaq
Uqalimaarluk - Pinnguaq - Inuktitut storytelling app (ReadToMe)
Uqausiit Pinnguarutii - From the Government of Nunavut, provides young children with fun activities that support shape and sound recognition, as well as, vocabulary development.
Literacy Organizations
Ilitaqsiniq - Nunavut Literacy Council
Nunavut Educators (supports educators teaching in Inuktitut with resources that accommodate different dialects.)
Nunavut Bilingual Education Society
Literature
Inuit Myths Website - Qikiqtani Inuit Association
Puukammaluk - Bookstore (Inhabit Media & Nunavut Bilingual Education Society books)
Videos in Inuktitut
Inuktitube (Inuktitut content from Vimeo and Youtube)
Articles
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. National Inuit Positions on Federal Legislation in Relation to the Inuktitut Language. 2017.
Kelly B, et al. Indigenous children's language: acquisition, preservation and evolution of language in minority contexts. First Language. 2015. 35(4-5):279-285. (please request)
Romain S. Pharmaceutical health care and Inuit lnguage communications in Nunavut, Canada. International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 2013; 72(1):
Romain S. "We don't have the words in Inuktitut": Pharmacy translations in Nunavut, Canada. Cogent Social Sciences. 2017; 3(1):1349563.
Smylie J, et al. Indigenous knowledge translation: Baseline findings in a qualitative study of the pathways of health knowledge in three Indigenous communities in Canada. Health Promotion Practice. 2009; 10(3):436-446. (please request)
Books
For more information on these titles click on the links below. For access to the full-text please contact us.
Collis D, Unesco. Arctic languages: an awakening. Paris: Unesco; 1990.
Dorais L. Language in Inuit society. Iqaluit: Nunavut Arctic College, Nunatta Campus; 1996.
Dorais L. The language of the Inuit: syntax, semantics, and society in the Arctic. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press; 2010.
Inuit Cultural Institute. ICI Inuktitut glossary. Eskimo Point, NWT: Inuit Cultural Institute; 1987.
Kitikmeot Inuit Association. KIA language framework: revitalizing Inuit language in the Qitirmiut region: final report. Kitikmeot Inuit Association; 2011.
Mallon S, et al. Introductory Inuktitut. Iqaluit: Ittukuluuk Language Programs; 1995.
Swift M. Time in child Inuktitut: a developmental study of an Eskimo-Aleut language. New York: M. de Gruyter; 2004.
Toka Peet M. Pocket Inuktitut: a phrasebook for nearly all occasions. Winnipeg, MB: Mazinaate Inc; 2008.
Health Reports and Statistics
Reports on Inuit Health
Health Canada. Health Status of Canadians 2016. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2016.
Health Canada. et al. Inuit Oral Health Survey Report 2008-2009. 2011.
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. Health Indicators of Inuit Nunangat within the Canadian Context. 2010.
Articles
Healey G, Meadows L. Inuit Women's Health in Nunavut, Canada: a Review of the Literature. International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 2007; 66(3): 199-214.
Jenkins A, et al. An overview of factors influencing the health of Canadian Inuit infants. International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 2003; 62(1): 17-39.
Statistics
Statistics Canada. Aboriginal people: Statistical profile.
Statistics Canada. Birth Outcomes amount First Nations, Inuit and Metis populations. 2017.
Statistics Canada. The Daily Study: Inuit health: Selected findings from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. 2014.
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. Inuit Statistical Profile. 2008.
Naasautit Inuit Health Statistics
Carrière G, et al. Acute care hospitalization for mental and behavioural disorders among First Nations people. 2018.
Statistics Canada. First Nations, Metis and Inuit Statistics: The way forward. 2018.
Morris M. Statistics Canada data collection on Inuit: the importance of consultation and context. 2016.
Residential Schools
Websites
Coping with Emotional Reactions. Health Canada. (2013).
Indian Residential School Survivors Society
Native Residential Schools a Select Bibliography. Libraries and Archives Canada.
Residential School Interactive Map. Canadian Broadcast Corporation.
Residential School Locations. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
Articles
Boyer Y. First Nations, Metis, and Inuit women's health: a rights-based approach. Alberta Law Review. 2017; 54(3): 611-636.
Bombay A, et al. The intergenerational effects of Indian Residential Schools: implications for the concept of historical trauma. Transcultural Psychiatry. 2013; 51(3); 320-338.
Elias B, et al. Trauma and suicide behaviour histories among a Canadian indigenous population: an empirical exploration of the potential role of Canada's residential school system. Social Science & Medicine. 2012; 74(10): 1560-9.
Feir D, Auld M. The effect of Indian Residential Schools on height and body mass post-1930. University of Victoria Economics Department Discussion Paper. 2017.
Hackett C, et al. Canada's residential school system: measuring the intergenerational impact of familial attendance on health and mental health outcomes. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2016; 70(11):1096-1105.
Kaspar V. The lifetime effect of residential school attendance on indigenous health status. American Journal of Public Health. 2014; 104(11): 2184-90.
King D. A brief report of The Federal Government of Canada's Residential School System for Inuit. Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation; 2006.
Wilk P, et al. Residential schools and the effects on Indigenous health and well-being in Canada a scoping review. Public Health Reviews. 2017; 38(8).
Books
For more information on these titles click on the links below. For access to the full-text please contact us.
International Tribunal for the Disappeared of Canada, et al. Murder by decree: the crime of genocide in Canada: a counter report to the "Truth and Reconciliation Commission". Toronto: The International Tribunal for the Disappeared of Canada; 2016.
King D. The history of the federal residential schools for the Inuit located in Chesterfield Inlet, Yellowknife, Inuvik and Churchill, 1955-1970. Thesis Trent University; 1999.
Milloy J. A national crime: the Canadian government and the residential school system, 1879 to 1986. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba Press; 2017.
Reynaud A. Emotions, remembering and feeling better: dealing with the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement in Canada. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag; 2017.
Traditional Healing
Articles
Bhattacharjee R, Maltby A. What does ‘holism’ mean in Indigenous mental health?. UWOMJ. 2017; 86(2):25-7.
Blignault I. et. al. Integration of Indigenous healing practices with western biomedicine in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the Univted States of America: a scoping review protocol. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 2018; 16(6):1354-1360.
Brooker A. Counselling within Inuit systems in Canada's North. First Peoples Child and Family Review. 2015; 10(2):110-121.
Healey K, et al. The Eight Ujarait (Rocks) Model: supporting Inuit adolescent mental health with an intervention model based on Inuit ways of knowing. International Journal of Indigenous Health. 2016; 11(1):92-110.
Hirsch R, et. al. Going off, growing strong: a program to enhance individual youth and community resilience in the face of change in Nain, Nunatsiavut. Etudes Inuit Studies. 2016; 40(1): 63-84. (Please request)
Howell T, et. al. Sharing our wisdom: a holistic Aboriginal health initiative. International Journal of Indigenous Health. 2016; 11(1):111-132.
Robbins J. Traditional Indigenous Approaches to Healing the Modern Welfare of Traditional Knowledge, Spirituality and Lands: A critical reflection on practices and policies taken from the Canadian Indigenous Example. The International Indigenous Policy Journal. 2011; 2(4).
Books
For more information on these titles click on the links below. For access to the full-text please contact us.
First Nations Health Authority. Traditional wellness strategic framework. Vancouver; First Nations Health Authority; 2014.
Ross R. Indigenous healing: exploring traditional paths. Toronto; Penguin; 2014.
Truth and Reconciliation
Websites
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
Reports
Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future. 2015. Summary of the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation of Canada.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. The Survivors Speak. 2015.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Canada's residential schools: the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. 2015. (The History, Part 1: Origins to 1939; The History, Part 2:1939 to 2000; The Inuit and Northern Experience; The Metis Experience; Missing Children and Unmarked Burials; The Legacy; Reconciliation; What We Have Learned: Principles of Truth and Reconciliation)
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action. 2015.
Qikiqtani Inuit Association. QTC Final Report: Achieving Saimaqatigiingniq. Toronto: Inhabit Media; 2013.
Qikiqtani Inuit Association. Qikiqtani Truth Commission Final Report - Recommendations. 2018.
Articles
McNally M, Martin D. First Nations, Inuit and Metis health: Considerations for Canadian health leaders in the wake of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada report. Healthcare Management Forum. 2017.
Gasparelli K. et al. Mobilizing reconciliation: implications of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report for physiotherapy in Canada. Physiother Can. 2016; 68(3):211-212.
Matthews R. The cultural erosion of Indigenous people in health care. CMAJ. 2017; 189(2);E78-E79.
Restall G. et al. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission's calls to action: how will occupational therapists respond? Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2016; 83(5):264-268.
Books
For more information on these titles click on the links below. For access to the full-text please contact us.
Capitain B, Vanthuyne K. Power through testimony: reframing residential schools in the age of reconciliation. Vancouver: UBC Press; 2017.
International Tribunal for the Disappeared of Canada. Murder by decree: the crime of genocide in Canda: a counter report to the "Truth and Reconciliation Commission". Toronto:The International Tribunal for the Disappeared of Canada; (2016).
Land C. Decolonizing solidarity: dilemmas and directions for supporters of indigenous struggles. London: Zed Books; (2015).
Robinson D, Martin K. Arts of engagement: taking aesthetic action and beyond the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Waterloo:Wilfrid Laurier University Press; (2016).
Organization List
Avataq Cutural Institute; the Inuit cultural organization Nunavik
Indigenous Diabetes Health Circle
Ilitaqsiniq - Nunavut Literacty Council
Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada.
Inuvialuit Regional Corporation
National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health
Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada