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How to search PubMed

Comparing PubMed, Medline, Embase

What is the difference? A comparison of PubMed, Medline, and Embase
What is PubMed What is Medline What is Embase
  • Online version of Index Medicus produced by the US National Library of Medicine (NLM).
  • Free
  • The primary component of PubMed made available by NLM to commercial suppliers.
  • Available by paid subscription through a number of interfaces.
  • At UM we have the OVID interface.
  • An Elsevier database.
  • Available by subscription through a number of interfaces.
  • At UM we have the OVID interface.
Coverage of PubMed Coverage of Medline Coverage of Embase
  • Back to 1946
  • Contains over 37 million records from 5,400 journals
  • Subject coverage = life sciences with a concentration on biomedicine & some non-medical
  • Includes all of Medline and:
    • 'in process' citations
    • some older citations
    • citations to non-medical journals
    • citations to ebooks
  • Some free full text (via PubMed Central) & UM 'Check Access' button if accessed through library
  • Back to 1946
  • Contains over 31 million records from 5,200 mainly US journals
  • Subject coverage = life sciences with a concentration on biomedicine
  • Records are indexed with NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) which enhances search capability
  • Some full text and UM 'Check Access' button. 
  • Back to 1947
  • Contains over 40 million records from 8,800 journals from more than 90 countries.
  • Includes 2,900 journals NOT indexed in Medline
  • Includes all of Medline.
  • Includes conference abstracts back to 2009.
  • Some full text and UM 'Check Access' button.
  • Subject coverage = Medline + drug & pharmacy journals.
  • Records indexed using the Emtree thesaurus (86,000 terms mapped to MeSH) for increased depth and breath in searching
Searching PubMed Searching Medline Searching Embase
  • Easy keyword searching and automatic mapping to MeSH terms.
  • Search MeSH database to subject search
  • Extensive limiting options
  • Clinical Queries filters from NLM
  • see also How to search PubMed
  • Keyword searching
  • Advanced Search with guided mapping of keywords to MeSH terms
  • Extensive limiting options
  • Clinical Queries filters from McMaster University Hedges Project
  • see also How to search using Ovid
  • Keyword searching
  • Advanced Search with guided mapping of keywords to Emtree terms.
  • Subheadings include specific drug-related topics.
  • Extensive limiting options, including routes of drug administration.
  • Clinical Queries filters from McMaster University Hedges Project
  • see also How to search using Ovid
Other features of PubMed Other features of Medline Other features of Embase
  • 'Related citations'
  • Register to save searches, set up alerts & customize filters.
  • Citations may be exported to citation managers.
  • 'Find Similar' and 'Find Citing Articles'.
  • Register to save searches, and create email alerts.
  • Citations may be exported to citation managers.
  • Link to search
  • Copy search history
  • 'Find Similar' and 'Find Citing Articles'.
  • Register to save searches, and create email alerts.
  • Citations may be exported to citation managers.
When to use PubMed When to use Medline When to use Embase
  • If you are unable to access subscription databases.
  • For easy keyword searching (automatically maps to MeSH).
  • For clinical queries.
  • For genetics topics.
  • For finding related citations 
  • For keyword searching
  • For guided MeSH subject searching.
  • For extensive search limiting options.
  • For keyword searching
  • For guided Emtree subject searching (including MeSH).
  • For great basic, natural language search.
  • For drug/pharmacy topics (coverage plus subheading options)
  • To pick up recent articles & conference papers.
  • For extensive search limiting options.
Knowledge Synthesis and PubMed Knowledge Synthesis and Medline Knowledge Synthesis and Embase
  • Depending on question, search PubMed OR Medline NOT both
  • Depending on how searched PubMed searches are not as reproducible as Medline searches.
  • Depending on question, search PubMed OR Medline NOT both
  • Medline searches are more reproducible than PubMed searches
  • Depending on question, search Medline in combination with Embase
  • Depending on question, search Embase in combination with Medline.