How to cite using APA in the Health Sciences

While lectures and presentations are generally to be treated as personal communications, materials that are recoverable to a class are an exception, such as a slide presentation (e.g. PowerPoint or Google Slides) being referenced in a class assignment. If classmates and instructors can access the slides through the classroom website or learning management system, then the slide presentation can be cited in the assignment. 

Note that it is also possible to cite slide presentations that outside of the classroom context. The same in-text citation formatting applies, however there are small differences in the reference list entry.

Citing PowerPoint Slides

Remember that if you are writing a class assignment, it is best to confirm with the instructor that you are permitted to cite classroom materials.

Double check the information you want to cite; if you want to cite specific information a in slide that has its own citation, it would be optimal to locate, read, and cite the original source yourself rather than cite the slides as a secondary source.

If the information is original to the slides, then cite the author and year of the slides.

Example

Narrative Citation

Pratt (2019)

Parenthetical Citation

(Pratt, 2019)

Don't leave it blank! Find out how to properly indicate that information is missing from one of your reference elements by reading more about missing information.

Information on this page was adapted from "Chapter 8: Works Credited in the Text", in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.), as well as the APA webpage, "In-Text Citations".